Paper by: M. Yusof*, M. A. M. Salleh, S. A. Rashid, I. Ismail, S. N. Adam

Abstract

The characteristics of carbon particles (CPs) derived from dry milled biochar originated from Kenaf was investigated. The biochar was processed in dry milling mechanical alloying equipment using two hardened steel vials set and steel balls as a milling media at room temperature. Characterisation of the CPs after 12 hours milling portrays significant changes of the materials in its size and structural transformations. The size is further reduced with a function of time due to the shear forces introduced during milling. The produced CPs is amorphous as interpreted from the Raman and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) spectra.

Keywords: Biochar, Carbon particles, Ball milling, Kenaf.

Conclusion

Kenaf biochar was ball milled to produce carbon particles in the sizes of 400nm and below. The size reduction occurs during milling due to abrasion and shear forces. The structural transformation happened after 12 hours of milling, in which carbon particles tends to agglomerate easily and a reduction in materials size as milling time gets longer. The dry milling method is observed to be a suitable method to get a subtle size of CPs derived from Kenaf biochar. The sieving process played an important role as to observe the effects of ball milling to the samples. The pre-processed biochar and derived CPs were amorphous but mixed with crystalline phase after 12 hours of milling.

For full paper please visit https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84949645008?origin=resultslist

Submitted by:

Juraina Md Yusof
Functional Nanomaterials Devices Laboratory
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

Tarikh Input: 18/03/2026 | Kemaskini: 18/03/2026 | roslina_ar